The clocks go back an hour at 2am on Sunday 26 October, marking the end of British Summer Time. However a GP has warned that the change can affect those living with dementia by disrupting their natural sleep rhythm, affecting their mental and physical health.

Dr Tim Mercer, NHS GP partner and GP trainer with Opera Beds, has commented on why clock changes can upset those with dementia and shares practical steps to make the transition smoother.

Mercer says: “For most of us, the clocks going back may feel like a small perk, giving us an extra hour in bed. However, for people living with dementia, the end of British Summer Time can be unsettling. The change in daylight hours can increase confusion and agitation in the late afternoon or evening, a phenomenon known as sundowning. This happens because reduced sunlight and disrupted circadian rhythms make it harder to tell whether it is morning or evening.

“To ease the transition, try gradually adjusting evening routines by about 15 minutes later each night in the four days leading up to the clock change. This helps to soften the shift when the clocks go back. It is also important to ensure that all clocks and watches in the home show the correct time to avoid further confusion. Dementia-friendly clocks with clear day and night symbols can be particularly helpful.

“Maintaining consistent daily routines, spending time in natural daylight, and incorporating gentle exercise can all support a healthy body clock and improve sleep. Keeping living areas well-lit, especially in the late afternoon, can also help reduce restlessness and confusion as darkness falls.”

Five tips for carers

• Adjust gradually – Move evening routines about 15 minutes later each night in the days before the clock change to make the transition smoother.

• Maximise daylight and activity – Encourage time outdoors or near windows during the day, and include gentle exercise to help regulate the body clock and improve sleep. Regular exercise, even a short walk, supports better sleep and mood. Use bright lighting in the late afternoon and early evening to reduce confusion as it gets dark.

• Update all clocks together – Help change all clocks, watches, and devices before bedtime on Saturday night. Dementia-friendly clocks with day/night indicators can reduce confusion.

• Consistent routine – Keep mealtimes, activities and bedtime routines the same, and ensure all clocks and watches show the correct time. Dementia-friendly clocks with clear day and night indicators can be reassuring.

• Create calm evenings – Reduce noise and stimulation later in the day to promote relaxation and prevent agitation. Keep bedrooms cool (16 to 18°C), dark, and quiet to encourage a deep sleep.